The controversy behind the 9/11 tragedy

In relation to the September 11, 2011 attacks, people from all over the world are still in similar dilemma. The big question is whether to believe the explanation being offered by United States government. Most people still do not perceive how this tragedy could happen. The media, both print and electronic have been on this case, trying to establish what exactly happened prior to the tragedy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The controversy behind the 9/11 tragedy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Much has been written by scholars but in all these cases, the assertions made by the government that the tragedy was caused by terrorists allied to Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda have been the least of their concerns. In fact, sources reveal that most people believe the contrary that is the allegation that the US government initiated the attacks as a strategy of gaining control of oil in the Middle East. This has attracted a lot of controversies in all kinds of media such as the television, internet and newspapers. New intriguing theories are being developed everyday concerning this issue, making it more difficult to know what is true and what is not. What was initially an inquiry into the truth of the matter has been converted to intimidating explanations of the strategies to attain world sovereignty. These ideas are developed from the pictures of the tragedy especially that of the plane striking the towers and the explanations given by eye witnesses. Regardless of all these controversies, there are still those people who have hauled this boundary and gotten into serious investigations of the whole issue, in a rational manner. Popular mechanics is one of these organizations which brought together nine qualified researchers to establish the validity of these conspiracy theories. It also employed many other professionals to assist in the research, in the team comprising of military personnel, engineers , aviation specialists and intelligence officials. This research brought about a debate which was based on the quest to bring out the reality of the 9/11 tragedy coupled with supporting evidence obtained through scientific analysis and scrutinized through rational reasoning. It was discovered that most of the theories put forth previously were based on errors and misconceptions made during reporting. This however can be sidelined since they were as a result of the confusion experienced on that day. Other opinions are considered as thoughtful attempts to mislead the people. There are yet other opinions that cannot be neglected since they give some evidence on the invalidity of the government’s explanation. No one has however come out to speak the perceived truth despite not believing the explanation offered.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The debate is surrounded by un certainties, since both sides have doubts surrounding the events but none has mustered the courage to speak what they consider as the truth. Some of these conspiracy theories include the previously mentioned oil case, the government’s foreign policy, involvement of the intelligence officials including CIA, corporate imperialism as well as world politics. None of these theories has however been supported effectively, making them just that, theories. There are also other arguments related to the events on the ground such as the temperature of the fire, laws of physics in relation to the collapse, and melting steel but none of these still bring out the real suspicions. The biggest problem faced by these investigations is that the number of theories is increasing exponentially especially on the internet. This debate is therefore aimed at clearing the air and separating myths from facts in an attempt to come up with the truth. Of all the theories, it has been impossible to get evi dence against the theory that the United States government has something it is not telling its citizens. This debate has however tried at its level best to remain neutral at least until they get substantial evidence. Everyone is therefore being called upon to bring out what they perceive as the truth in this issue in order to bring the controversy to an end. This essay on The controversy behind the 9/11 tragedy was written and submitted by user Tristen C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Frankenstein - Dr.Frankenstein was the real monster essays

Frankenstein - Dr.Frankenstein was the real monster essays We have all heard or seen the story of Frankenstein one time or another, whether it be the recent horror movie version Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or the classic comedy version of Young Frankenstein. But like the saying goes, the book is always better than the movie. And once again, in the case of the Frankenstein aka The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley, I would have to agree. The book is the retelling of Frankensteins story told to, Robert Walton, a sailor who agrees to find the monster and kill him once Frankenstein dies. Frankenstein begins by telling of his childhood and his parents and of his craving for knowledge, which eventually leads him to study the sciences and create his monster. Unfortunately, due to the monsters ugliness, everyone he meets is frightened and runs in fear, including his creator, Frankenstein. In my opinion, the monster is not a monster in any sense. Although he was artificially created, its very clear from the story that he has feelings and emotions just like any human. Its almost as if hes a gentle giant. Every person he meets, he tries to befriend, only wanting his or her friendship in return. However, due to his appearance and tremendous size, these people are frightened by him. The monster doesnt go on rampages killing everyone, but rather in a way he is the good guy in the story. Society is to blame for any damage he causes. Its only because societys lack of acceptance for the monster being different that he destroys and kills. Adding to this, the reader should not feel sorry for Dr. Frankenstein. Of all people, he should have been the one to love the monster and to take care of him, as if the monster is his child. But he doesnt. What is the first thing Frankenstein does when he brings the monster to life? He runs in fear from the monster. Its not the monster&apos...

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Article Review - Essay Example But finally, despite its efforts, Lucent Technologies faced serious charges under the Securities Exchange Act, 1934. Thus the article necessarily analyzes the damage control or recovery measures that the CEO of the company took at a later stage to improve the performance afterwards. Starting from 1966 Lucent became one of the global leaders in its concerned industry (telecomm). They manufactured products used for constructing copper line transmissions and switching, wireless and optical gear and other communications networking infrastructure. Due to the great range and demand of the products manufactured, the financial performance of the company was quite good. It had been one of the investor’s choices until January 2000 when Lucent declared that the revenue of the first quarter of the financial year 2000 would be lesser by 20 percent when year on year comparison is made. The financial analysts felt that though the company was lagging in the innovation part, competition had very little to do with its financial downfall. It was a case where the company intentionally misinterpreted its accounts to misguide the investors for investing in their stocks. (â€Å"The Lucent Accounting Scandal†, 2005) The SEC charged Lucent for its misinterpretation of the accounts as a result of which the investors were misguided. The company intentionally made false and overstated forecasts, which attracted many investors at once. But eventually the company made contradictory statements revealing their true financial position. Meanwhile many investors had actually invested huge amounts in the shares of the company. According to the federal law, showing inflated profits and making unrealistic forecasts in order to mislead investors are serious legal violation, which the company was ultimately alleged with. (Barnes and Bowers, 2007) Eventually the company failed to co-operate with Security Exchange Committee, and the later probed into the accounting

Do you Think the Principles of Design Affect Everyday Life Essay - 9

Do you Think the Principles of Design Affect Everyday Life - Essay Example Normally, this not by accident, it is because of a careful planning based on principles of design. Usually, the majority of people prefer their lives to have balance, they do not like living on the edge. People want to order in their lives. The same applies to design. Balance in design is concerned with the way a designer distributes the weight on every side of the image. When a designer gives much weight to the right side as to the left, the bottom and the top, this is referred to as symmetry. There is a number of ways to create symmetry. Asymmetrical page in a newspaper would have the right side and the left side of the page balanced. Doing this sometimes is ok; however, having everything balanced in a publication all the time is boring. People like balance in their lives, however they do not like seeing at symmetrical things always. Occasionally, it is necessary to approach media design of an image via asymmetry. This implies dissimilar but equal visual weight on each side. Thus, you would give one side of the page more weight via visuals, lettering, color etc. This implies that you do not have a page in the sense that all regions of the page are equal in what they contain (Sayre, 106). In design, balance is achieved via optical weights. This implies that a designer/artist decision on the significance of elements, and their positioning on the page lead the viewer through the page. In other words, the designer guides the viewer’s eyes where he wants them to go- from the most significant to what he thinks is least. The designer knows what he considers most significant elements and those that are not very important and thus he arranges them in such a manner. The scale is something that works naturally. It is basically arranging spaces in an image in an attractive relationship.  Ã‚  

Reaction Outcome Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reaction Outcome Evaluation - Assignment Example As per Kirkpatrick’s Reaction Outcome Evaluation, the first level of evaluation would be to identify how the participants responded to the training program. One can say that this is the most important part of the evaluation as to pin-point at which area the program is needed to be modified. This is despite the fact that a number of reviewers are not agreeing at this level and acknowledging individuality as the reason. As the latter statements being declared, the evaluation system by Kirkpatrick would need tedious observation and an equal amount of understanding before one could conclude if the training conducted was successful or not (Rae, 2002). In evaluating the training program conducted, there seems to be a lack of interest within the employees themselves. One reason for this could be the fact that there are fewer interactions between participants in the program as the training was computer-based. Another factor, which could have affected the attitude of the employees, would be the fact that the training was to be done during an available time for an employee. Instead of enjoying a well-deserve break, two hours of it would be spent doing the computer-based training program. Also, if a module is not that much understood by the employee, only a limited number of resource person can be approached with an immediate response. This fact does affect the comprehension of an employee as the concern was not answered in a timely manner. Another reason is that, a person can just scan through the module without fully understanding it just to say that the employee has finished the training. The reason for the failure of the program wa s it was not properly supervised (Toney, 2002). Though paper-less training could be more practical, it should be properly executed and supervised. As per the recently concluded training, the execution was not on the basis of training

Pectin Reduces Blood Cholesterol Level

Pectin Reduces Blood Cholesterol Level Xinhao DAI Introduction Pectin is a complex polysaccharide present in plant cell walls, commonly presents in fruits and vegetables, commercially extracted from pulp waster during fruits juice processing. Pectin can be used as gelling agent in jams, marmalades and reduced sugar versions. It creates thickened textures and a homogenous distribution of fruit pieces. The consumption of pectin by human influences transit rate, nutrient absorption rate, and cholesterol absorption and secretion, so pectin is an important dietary fiber. However, the clinical use of pectin is very rarely mentioned (F Brouns, 2012). The degree of esterification (DE) demonstrates the methyl esters in pectin chains. The pectin with DE>50% are high-methoxyl and forms viscous gels in the stomach at pH 2.2-3.5 (Ralet et al., 1994; Sila et al., 2009); the pectin with DE60%) at low pH; low-methoxyl pectin forms gels with divalent cations (notably Ca 2+) at pH 2.5-6 (sugar addition not required) (Thibault and Ralet, 2008). Cholesterol is an important biological molecule, which function as component of cell membrane structure as well as a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones and bile acids. High concentration of cholesterol in human blood is related with coronary vascular disease, atherosis, stroke and many other diseases. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (ESFA, 2010) has published the cholesterol lowing effects of of pectin on glycemia. In general, processing factors like DE, MW, and pectin source (e.g. citrus or apple) may affect the efficacy of pectin (Baker, 1997; Duvetter et al., 2009). Cholesterol lowering in animals Pectin has been reported being able to lower the cholesterol level of blood and liver in various animals, including guinea pigs (Gorinstein et al., 2005), rats (Krzysik et al., 2011), hamsters (Terpstra et al., 2002), chickens (Craig et al., 2006) and rabbits (Ismail et al., 1999). The effect of lowing cholesterol level by nine types of pectin with different molecular composition on 486 male broilers was studies, their serum cholesterol lowing efficacy was ranked as: citrus pectin DE-70 1⠁„4 apple pectin DE-74apple pectin DE-354citrus pectin DE-04low-MW pectin4citrus pectin DE-354cellulose (Craig et al., 2006). The mechanisms of cholesterol lowering in animals mostly are increasing fecal bile acid excretion, reduced plasma triacylglycerol, plasma total cholesterol, hepatic triacylglycerol, cholesterol synthesis and absorption, et al. Some of the mechanisms may be related with humans (F Brouns, 2012). The result of experiments feeding Wistar rats with semipurified diet with psyllium or pectin, cellulose or rice bran supported the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolemic effect of soluble fibers is functioning by increasing synthesis and therefore pool size of bile acids (Hugh B. Matheson, 1995). Another study showed that the hydrophobic amidated pectins significantly modify cholesterol homeostasis in rants and might provide insight of an effective hypochelosterolemic agent. However, the amidation of pectin might reduce its fermentability (M. MAROUNEK, 2007). Overall, pectin influence animal blood cholesterol by affecting cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol lowering in humans There are not many clinical studies of pectin cholesterol lowing compared with animal studies. Generally, each gram of pectin lowers LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by 0.055mmol/L (Brown et al., 1999). A cause-and-effect relationship has been established with 6g pectin in ≠¥ 1 servings for maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentration (ESFA, 2010). The table 1 summarized the most important studies of pectin lowering cholesterol level before 1988 (Kay Behall, 1986) (Cerda, 1988) Table 1. Pectin Lowering Cholesterol Level Studies Before 1988 A recent crossover study involves hyper-cholesterolemic persons receiving either 15g/day pectin (from citrus or apple, with different DE level) or cellulose with food for 4 weeks. The result showed that (F Brouns, 2012): For relative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C), the effect of citrus pectin and apple pectin are the same, while the pectin with higher level of DE level has better hypocholesterolemic effect. Orange pump fiber worked worse than citrus and apple pectin. The pectin with higher molecular weight works better than the pectin with low molecular weight. In the subsequent experiment providing 6g pectin/day for three weeks, citrus DE-70 and high MW pectin DE-70 reduced LDL-C 6-7% compared with control group. The viscous, gelatinizing citrus pectin alter bile acid enterohepatic circulation; enhance cholesterol excretion into stool (Martinez de Prado et al., 1981; Ide and Horii, 1989; Ide et al., 1990; Fernandez et al., 1994; Terpstra et al., 2002). High-viscosity pectin generally diminishes total cholesterol (TC) by 3-7% in humans. Pectin increases gut viscosity, then reduce the re-absorption of bile acids, increase synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, thereby reduces circulating blood cholesterol (F Brouns, 2012). The high-viscosity pectin might also interfere with the formation of micelles and/or lower the diffusion rate of bile acid and cholesterol-containing micelles through the bolus, consequently reduce the uptake of cholesterol and bile acids. Many study suggested the favourable effect of pectin on lipids(B.R. Sharma, 2006). The source and type of pectin (degree of esterification and molecular weight) affect the effect of lowing cholesterol. In the study by Brouns et al., it is proven that increased DE and MW help promote the efficacy of lowering of human cholesterol level, and even a high dose of pectin with low DE and MW won’t have significant effect. The EFSA pectin cholesterol-lowering claim should require a minimum level of characterization, including DE and MW (F Brouns, 2012). Even though pectin cannot be directly absorbed by human, it can be fermented by the microorganisms in the large intestine and result in the formation of short chain fatty acid, which could be absorbed and metabolized in the colonic mucosa, liver or peripheral tissue (Kay, 1982). Effective doses Experiments indicate that the dose of pectin needed for different people to achieve the lowering of serum cholesterol level is not the same (Grant H. Palmer, June 1966). The intake of 15 grams of pectin per day for three weeks resulted in a mean 13% diminishment of plasma cholesterol levels. A dose of 40 to 50 grams of pectin per day significantly reduced the cholesterol level in both normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects(B.R. Sharma, 2006). In addition with the claim of consume 6g/day pectin to achieve hypochelosterolemic effect, ESFA (2010) also suggest that the consumption of pectin with meals help reduce the blood glucose after meal and the effect can be achieved with at least 10g pectin per meal ((EFSA), 2011). The hypocholesterolemic effect of pectin combined with apple polyphenols has also been reported (EVA N. JENSEN and DRAGSTED, 2009). There might be taste concerns and potential gastrointestinal disturbance if more than 6g pectin/day was ingested (F Brouns, 2012). At least 6 grams of pectin are supposed to be consumed to achieve hypochelesterolemic effect, and this amount is correspond to 7~8 medium-sized apples (EVA N. JENSEN and DRAGSTED, 2009). Some critique suggested that most of the cholesterol lowering effect of pectin is showed in a cholesterol rich, atherogenic diet (A.H.M. Terpstra, 2002). The effect of cholesterol lowing efficiency in regular diet remained quite questionable. Conclusion Viscous pectin can reduce the cholesterol level of animals and human by increasing synthesis and excretion of bile acid and reducing re-absorption of cholesterol. The hypochelosterolemic effect of pectin depends on the dose of pectin, diet composition, and source and physical and chemical property of pectin itself (including viscosity, molecular weight, and degrees of esterification). The effective daily intake of pectin is at least 6g/per according to EFSA, however a minimum level of characterization should be required to achieve the result.

Struggles for Release Essay -- Comparative, Kate Chopin, Nathaniel Haw

The two American short stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both portrays a similar theme. The two protagonists in both short stories suffer mental or emotional torture and was trap in a literary cage. In addition, both characters in the stories meet death in the end, and that death symbolizes their freedom from the world and society that was grasping on to them. A main topic of American short stories that constantly shows up since the earlier years, and is presented throughout history is the emphasis on society and how it creates emotional and mental tortures in an individual, and imparts them with a different perspective of the world. The society that people live in has an enormous effect on them, and the way they live their lives. The protagonist in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, Louise Mallard, suffers from the society she lives in because of its expectations of marriage. After her husband’s supposed death, ironically, Louise feels relief and joy, for she has found a way to escape society’s restraints, â€Å"A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination† (Chopin 316). The society in which Mrs. Mallard belongs to forces her to lose her freedom, a freedom she yearned for in the years she was trapped in the marriage. By being confined in a marriage and losing her freedom, Mrs. Mallard reacts in an untypical way when she’s notified of her husband’s supposed death. When Louise is told by her sister, Josephine, that her husband is gone, she cries for a second but ironically rejoices and looks forward to the years ahead and hopes that she will live a long life, â€Å"She breathed a quick ... ...in character who were trapped in the cage, finally gets released and escapes through death. Both Louise Mallard and Goodman Brown suffer from emotional or mental torture that is exerted by their society and their expectations. Also, both main characters in Chopin’s and Hawthorne’s writing was similar in that they both seek for a better life than what the society they live in offer them. Louise Mallard yearned for freedom when her society limits independence for women through the expectations of conjoining in marriage. At the same time, Goodman Brown seeks for a society where mankind has no evil wills and all are innocent, but society is inherently sinful since the time of Adam and Eve. The protagonists suffer in their time and era, but in the end they both free their souls from the clutch of society and liberate themselves from their emotional and mental tortures.

Pride and Prejudice Analysis Essay

Elizabeth Bennet receives two proposals; one from Mr Collins and one from Mr Darcy. Mr Collins was a tall and heavy looking man of twenty-five years. Although he was polite and well mannered he was also pompous and had a self-inflated ego. He always made ‘never ending speeches about nothing’ and bored everyone to death. Mr Collins flattered everyone constantly but sometimes inappropriately. ‘He begged to know which of his fair cousins the excellence of it’s cooking was owed.’ -By this, Mrs Bennet was offended and assured him they were in fact able to keep a good cook. This showed his lack of judgement in when to compliment. He was also quite absurd and Mr Bennet’s sarcasm often went completely unnoticed. For example, on page 54, Mr Bennet asked if his flatteries were prepared and Mr Collins admitted that sometimes he would think of them for his amusement! Lady Catherine de Bourgh who was his patroness employed him. He grovelled to her constantly as she paid his way; because of her, he was middle/upper class. He was a clergyman at Hunsford near Rosings, Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s home. When Mr Bennet dies, Mr Collins will inherit Longburn, as Mr Bennet cannot leave the house to his wife; women couldn’t inherit. In Mr Collins’ letter, he proposes to make peace with the family. Mr Darcy on the other hand was very good looking. ‘He soon drew the attention of the room by his fine tall person, handsome features, noble mien†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He is also described as ‘a fine figure of a man’. But he was soon to be discovered to be ‘proud above his company’. He was clever, but at the same time he was ‘haughty, reserved and fastidious’. He owned Pemberly Estate and got one thousand a year. -He was upper class and he knew it; ‘He had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest.’ Darcy and Bingley had a good friendship despite many differences. ‘Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared; Darcy was continually giving offence.’ Darcy had no sense of humour and admitted it. He couldn’t see the funny side of life whereas Bingley was light hearted and liked to enjoy everything he did. In the past Wickam and Darcy had a disagreement. Mr Darcy’s father had promised Wickam a place in the church but when he died Darcy refused to help him. Mr Collins first hints on his future plans in his letter to the Bennets when he writes; ‘I cannot be otherwise than concerned at the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible amends.’ On the first day of staying at Longburn, he, in a conversation to Mrs Bennet said; ‘I can assure the young ladies that I come prepared to admire them.’ -Here he gave Mrs Bennet a small glimpse of his intentions. Jane Austin then gave it away saying that now having a good house and income; Mr Collins was in want of a wife. He was also pleasing Catherine de Bourgh who thought he should marry. So for the first evening Jane was the settled choice being not only the eldest, but the prettiest -this was, until he was informed by Mrs Bennet that she was soon to be engaged to Bingley (exaggeration). Then at the Netherfield Ball he asked Lizzy to dance several times and she realised she was the chosen one out of the five sisters. Mr Darcy on the other hand was far from admiring Lizzy at first and when Mr Bingley suggested he dance with her at the Meryton Ball he replied that he had not the least intention of dancing. -Bingley was dancing with the only good looking girl in the room. Here he was referring to Jane. He said Lizzy was ‘tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me.’ Then at Sir William Lucas’s party, William tried to pair up the two of them and Darcy did not resist, but Lizzy brushed him off with; ‘I have not the least intention of dancing.’ -this was pay back. It was at this party that Darcy realised his true feelings for her. At Netherfield when Jane went to stay, she fell ill and Lizzy being worried came to visit. Here, she noticed that Darcy was constantly watching her. Miss Bingley who secretly liked Darcy, in seeing that he was drawn to Lizzy tried to turn him against her. But all in vain, for whatever she said, he just stuck up for Elizabeth. Miss Bingley, in Mr Darcy’s defending her said; ‘I am afraid Mr Darcy that this adventure has rather affected your admiration for her fine eyes.’ I think when she says this she’s half-teasing and half jealous of him liking her. Before proposing, Mr Collins said to Mrs Bennet, ‘May I hope madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning?’ -Here, he was basically asking Mrs Bennet’s permission to propose. He then launched straight into his ‘speech’. Mr Darcy came to visit Lizzy and at first made light conversation, asking about her health. Then there was an awkward silence where he must have been trying to think of how to start before proceeding. -Differences are already showing through. Mr Collins first said he’d chosen Lizzy almost as soon as he’d met her (which was a lie) and went on to specify his reasons for marrying her. He, as a clergyman wanted to set an example to the rest of the parish, he thought it would make his happy and he was following Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s advice. He’d obviously planed out his speech carefully but in his reasons, he had not mentioned that he was in love with her! Darcy on the other hand offered his hand in marriage because he did love her and his opening sentence expressed this clearly; ‘In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how I admire and love you.’ Mr Collins also made several insults to Lizzy when proposing to her without even realising it! For instance, he said that if she refuses, she my never get another offer. He also reminds her that if she stays single, all she may ever be entitled to is twenty-five pounds when her mother dies. Darcy put his foot in it too. After saying how much he loved her, he went on to say that it was not his wish to do so with her connections and status; ‘His sense of inferiority -of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination.’ When he was turned down he thought she was just offended; ‘Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? -To congratulate myself on the hope of relations, your connections?’ He also admitted to trying to split up Jane and Darcy and even ‘rejoiced’ in his success of doing so. In response to rejection, Mr Collins thinks Lizzy is playing hard to get and says this is to be expected of a lady. He goes on to say all the good materialistic reasons to marry him forgetting to mention things like love. He acts as if marrying would be a good investment for Lizzy or something. He then assured her that both of her parents approved of the marriage. Mr Darcy in response to rejection is shocked and angry but manages to control himself. He asked why he had been refused and thought she must be offended by what he had said earlier; ‘Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections?’ But after saying these words he accepted her answer. Both proposals were made for very different reasons; Mr Collins obviously proposed for convenience, whereas Mr Darcy was in love. Both men also reacted in different ways when turned down; although Mr Collins couldn’t take the rejection, he was not actually bothered about anything other than having his male pride hurt. -Darcy must have been extremely upset, to him Lizzy was the woman he wanted to spend the rest of his life with but he tried not to show his emotions. They both involved a lot of snobbery in their proposal speeches. They thought that Lizzy would not reject someone of the higher class and she should be grateful that she was chosen out of all the other girls; both reminded her constantly about her status. Mr Collins was more personal mentioning both what would happen when her mother and father died but Lizzy got more angry at Darcy because of things he has said and done in the past. Mr Collins and Mr Darcy both said in much detail all the pros and cons of the marriage. In conclusion, both proposals have some similarities but they differ in the essential requirement of love.

A World without Ice Effects of Global Warming on Polar Regions

A World without Ice Effects of Global Warming on Polar Regions Introduction When one hears the term â€Å"Global Warming†, different ideas come to mind. Many people associate global warming with high temperatures, industrial revolution, factories, and pollution. Global warming is affecting all regions and areas that are parts of this earth. It makes them warmer and warmer by time (Bo et al., 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A World without Ice: Effects of Global Warming on Polar Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What happens to your ice cream in a hot weather? It melts of course. Now imagine the ice cream as a habitat or a region. This scenario would be the frigid region of the earth. I was curious about the effects of this global climatic change on the polar regions of the earth. Polar Regions are located at the North and South Pole of the earth, and they are made up of the polar icecaps. North Pole and South Pole are also called Arctic region and Antarctic region correspondingly. The percentage of ice thickness in these regions is decreasing with time due to warmer weathers. When these frozen areas melt, they cause many serious changes to the environment (Bo et al., 2009). Thus, this topic has become a controversial issue amongst people. The meltdown of the South and North poles caused by global warming has negative effects on the Polar Regions to the extent that it destroys ecosystems, leads some animals to extinction, and affects the entire world negatively. Despite the numerous negative effects of global warming on the Polar Regions, it also has some positive effects. For instance, global warming has led to the emergence of new varieties of vegetation as well as migration of animals into areas that they were once not habiting (Fyfe et al., 2007). Despite this scenario, global warming has led to devastating effects in the Polar Regions leaving the area inhabitable only not for plants and animals, but also for people living in the re gions. This paper looks at the effects of global warming in Polar Regions. Effects of global warming The impacts of global warming in the Polar Regions are so clear and have severe repercussions that they led to the institution of the International Polar Year. Some of the undertakings during this year included exploring the polar ecosystem to understand how it responded to environmental changes like global warming. From the onset of the industrial revolution, the Polar Regions have witnessed significant environmental changes (Haeberli Burn, 2002). The amount of temperature in the region has significantly increased making the regions record high rate of snowmelt ever. Besides, temperature changes have made it hard for some animals and vegetations to thrive in the regions leading to their decline while some are facing extinction.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gl obal warming has led to destruction of infrastructural facilities in the polar region, especially in the Arctic region. A wide area of the Arctic comprises of a ground covered by permafrost. The permafrost supports the establishment of different infrastructural facilities in the area. For instance, pipelines, roads, and buildings are laid on the permafrost (Smetacek Nicol, 2005). Increase in temperature in the region is leading to thawing of the permafrost. In return, most of the infrastructures have ended up twisting, collapsing, and others becoming unstable. It has become difficult for the region to develop due to lack of infrastructural facilities (Hughes, 2000). While some people claim that global warming in Polar Regions will open new areas to economic activities, they do not consider the fact that for economic activities to succeed, they require different infrastructures like roads. With global warming leading to twisting of most of the roads and pipelines as well as the coll apsing of buildings in the area, it would be very hard for any significant economic activity to take place in the region. It would be hard to ship anything from the region due to poor infrastructure. Another impact of global warming in Polar Regions is the melting of the ice caps. In 2006, scientists claimed that the planet was losing its ice at an alarming rate. A study conducted to ascertain the rate of meltdown in the regions proved that the Antarctic region was losing its ice at a tune of 152km2 per year. The meltdown is gradually leading to a steady rise in sea level. Along the Arctic region, global warming is leading to a retreat of the ice cover (Ye Mather, 2007). Currently, the region is losing its ice-cover at a rate that is 18 times more than what it used to lose a decade ago. The rise in see level is gradually leading to displacement of people living along the coastline as the land adjacent to the ocean is swallowed by water. The meltdown of the Polar Regions leads to ch anges in vegetation to the level that polar biome is converting to a newly formed ecosystem. â€Å"Large areas devoid of any vegetation are revealed from under the ice† (Olech et al., 2011, p.36). This aspect makes some destructive changes to the native animals’ life. In the Arctic pole, the populations of herbivores, such as reindeers, which are not the local animals of this district, have increased in the past years; as a result, the vegetation of this area has changed and it is leading to an enormous change in the structure of the original tundra.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A World without Ice: Effects of Global Warming on Polar Regions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the population of lichen, a kind of plant in the Arctic area that many polar birds depend on, is decreasing due to the increase in the population of reindeers that feed on those plants. In other words, new plants for m when recession of frozen areas takes place (Gunn Skogland, 2007), which shows how the ecosystem is changing from one nature to another, and it affects the native animals that used to live on the glaciers negatively. As proven by Kister (2005), â€Å"this encroaching change means the elimination of the tundra, and questions the survival of the animals that depend upon that fertile wetland ecosystem† (p.114). The region is becoming a new habitat for the existing animals. It will be hard for the living things to adapt to a different kind of environment which is warmer and lacks ice, and so they will either extinct or migrate to cooler places. Despite some animals facing extinction or being displaced due to global warming, it is imperative to note that global warming is also leading to the emergence of new species of plants and animals in areas that they did not exist. For instance, the Arctic pole was not popular for animals like reindeers. However, due to global warming, the area is gradually recording an increase in the population of these animals and a number of other herbivores. The trend means that the region will soon comprise of a variety of animals thus making it a favorite tourist destination (Mendelsohn et al., 2006). The emergence of these herbivores has come due to growth of certain vegetations and changes in temperature. The main reason why these animals would not survive in the region is that there was no food for them. Hence, their appearance means that the vegetation of the area is gradually changing. In a way, this aspect implies that global warming is leading to the emergence of new varieties of vegetation in the polar region. The disappearance of the polar ice affects the habitat of the polar bears. They depend on polar ice for their survival and activities. However, global warming threatens the existence of this species since the habitat they depend on is changing slowly with time from one phase to another. According to Weller and An derson (2005), â€Å"if current melting trend continues, the bears are likely to become extinct in the southern Beaufort Sea region of Alaska, and adjacent Canada† (p.31). The rate of reproduction of the polar bears is low since mother bears give birth to one or two babies and then they stay with their mothers for around 24 months. After that, the mother might give birth again.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Kister, â€Å"Polar bears have suffered 15 percent decrease in their number of offspring and a similar decline in weight over the past 25 years† (2005, p.57). Moreover, polar bears depend on haunting seals as a source of food (Pedersen, 2012). Since seals are only found on ice, with the elimination of ice, there will be no seals; thus, the polar bears will not find any seals to feed on thus face extinction. Although the supporters of Arctic melting believe that it has beneficial economic outcomes, these outcomes cannot compare logically to the entire globe that it is damaging. According to Pedersen (2012), the melting of the Polar Regions results in the expanding of business and industrial opportunities. On the one hand, his suggestion seems reasonable for it makes the shipping between the Northern Canada and Northern Europe easier and less expensive. On the other hand, he does not seem to recognize that the ships used for shipping goods through this area release poisonous gases that pollute the environment even more. The use of ships along these regions will lead to the intensification of global warming effects. Moreover, Pedersen explains that less ice would lead to increase of gas and oil sources (2012). A great amount of unexploited oil and gas are found in the Arctic region, and the continued meltdown in the region would facilitate in their exploitation. His argument seems to be convincing since these resources fall in the category of beneficial nonrenewable resources. One of the reasons that have led to oil prices going high across the globe is a reduction in its supply. The majority of the countries that were major oil producers are gradually exhausting their oil deposits, and this scenario is calling for new explorations to ensure that the world does not plunge into an oil crisis, which might lead to economic activities coming to a halt. With a lot of oil lying in the Arctic region, global warming will facilitate in its exploitation (Weller Anderson, 2005). Explorers will have an easier access to the continental shelves in the region therefore drilling the oil in the region. Besides oil exploration, global warming will significantly open fishing activities along the Polar Regions. For decades, snow has covered the greater part of the sea along the poles. Global warming is leading to the meltdown of this snow making it possible for fish to survive in the region. If this trend continues, the fishing industry will have an opportunity to exploit the region. Global warming is lead to some fish species that could not thrive in the polar region swimming to the region and multiplying there thus opening the region to fishing activities. Nevertheless, one should note that some fish species thrive in the polar region. Global warming in this region is having adverse effects on these fish species. The fish species are being compelled to relocate and look for areas with stable temperatures or acclimatize with the new tempe ratures (Rothrock et al., 2007). This aspect implies that in spite of the region being open to fishing, the activity will not be productive, as it will only have limited supply of fish. Global warming might facilitate in oil exploration along the Polar Regions, which would have significant benefits to the global economy. Nevertheless, we have to remember that despite the benefits of oil exploration, the process will have immense adverse effects on the region. The machines used in the exploration and drilling process will lead to air and noise pollution in the area thus affecting the animals and plants in the region. As proven by World Wildlife Fund (2012), â€Å"Infrastructure for these development projects can destroy habitat, fragment migration routes, and drain freshwater resources. Besides, in case an oil spillage occurs in the region, it would lead to the destruction of Arctic wildlife, which could take numerous years to restore† (par. 4). Oil spillage can have devastati ng effects on the ocean life as witnessed during the incidence that occurred along the Gulf of Mexico. In case of such an incidence, the world would have to use a lot of money and other resources in an attempt to clean the coastline and restore its ecosystem. This scenario would imply that all the money gotten from the oil would go back to cleaning the region. Rather than taking advantage of the current meltdown in the Arctic region to drill oil, which might later cost us heavily, it would be appropriate to look for ways to stop the meltdown and restore the ecosystem. The polar ice is melting rapidly by time. It is affecting the Polar Regions in terms of plants and vegetation. Now, after reading the article, imagine the ice cream again. How will the melting of a whole nation be? Everything that was once naturally frozen is now melting day after day due to the global warming (Stringer, 2005). Imagine a world without ice. What will it be like? Animals that are adapted to Polar Regions are now about to become extinct for their homes are disappearing. Global warming is leading to a reduction of ice in the Polar Regions. In return, the reduction is affecting the breeding course of various animals in the region (Madin, 2008). For instance, walrus pup and seal take advantage of the ice condition to wean and bring up their newborns. Poor ice conditions due to global warming is making it hard for these animals to wean their newborns properly, which leads to the death of a majority of the same. If the trend continues, these animals will suffer extinction since they do not multiply. In return, polar bears will also face extinction since they depend on these animals for food (Stirling Derocher, 2008). Global warming in the Polar Regions does not only affect plants and animals. It also affects people living in the region. Global warming alters freeze-thaw line in both space and time. Consequently, it leads to significant effects not only to biological and physical systems but also to the human system (Everett Fitzharris, 2003). The aboriginal people living in the Arctic region depend on the stable running of the ecosystem and natural resources in the region. The Yupik and other communities have already experienced the wrath of global warming. According to the communities, global warming has altered the process of sea ice formation and led to early melting thus affecting the hunting season. Due to global warming, whales, seals, polar bears, and walrus have changed their migration and feeding trends. It has become hard for the native people to predict when and the route that these animals will use during their migration (Xu et al., 2007). Hence, it has become hard for them to arrange for hunting expeditions. Global warming has made it hard for the aboriginals in the Arctic region to acquire food leading to most of them suffering from starvation. Apart from starvation, it has become hard for people in the region to preserve their food for use during t he dry season. Normally, the aboriginals amass a lot of food during the dry season (summer and spring) and preserve some for use during the wet season (autumn and winter). Today, global warming is responsible for the increase in the rate of precipitation during the dry season (Oppenheimer, 2006). Arctic region experiences heavy rain, cloudy skies and fog during the summer and spring. It becomes hard for people to air-dry their traditional food for preservation. Most of the food they amass during the dry season goes into waste making them suffer during the wet seasons when there is a food shortage. Conclusion Global warming has more devastating effects than benefits to the Polar Regions. It leads to increase in temperature, which in return damages infrastructural facilities due to thawing of permafrost. Even though global warming might facilitate in the exploitation of oil and gas in the region, it would be very hard to transport the oil and gas due to poor infrastructure. Besides, t he exploitation process would intensify the global warming in the area. Currently, it is hard to predict the environmental conditions in the Polar Regions. Today, high rainfall, cloudy sky, and fog characterize the dry season. Indigenous people in the region find it hard to dry their food. Besides food preservation, global warming has altered the migration and feeding trend of various animals in the region, which has led to the aboriginals encountering difficulties in hunting. Moreover, global warming has led to the reduction in the number of animals in the polar region. Animals are unable to wean their newborns due to increase in temperature and a reduction in the food supply. The meltdown of permafrost due to increase in temperature caused by global warming has led to increase of methane gas in the atmosphere. In return, the gas has led to the accumulation of temperature on the surface of the earth leading to plants that survive in low temperature dying. With all these negative ef fects of global warming in the polar region, one may ask if it is worth going on with the industrial revolution in these regions. Industries are a major cause of global warming. Establishing industries in the region would imply intensifying the effects of global warming. References Bo, J., Hall, A., Qu, X. (2009). September sea-ice cover in the Arctic Ocean projected to vanish by 2100. Nature Geoscience, 2(5), 341-42. Everett, J., Fitzharris, B. (2003). The Arctic and Antarctic: The regional impacts of climate change: An assessment of vulnerability. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Fyfe, J., Boer, G., Flato, G. (2007). The Arctic and Antarctic oscillations and their projected changes under global warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(11), 1601-1604. Gunn, A., Skogland, T. (2007). Responses of caribou and reindeer to global warming. Ecological Studies, 124, 189-200. Haeberli, W., Burn, C. (2002). Natural hazards in forests: Glacier and permafrost effects as related to climate change. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. Hughes, L. (2000). Biological consequences of global warming: Is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology Evolution, 15(2), 56-61. Kister, C. (2005). Arctic melting. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press. Madin, K. (2008). Melting arctic ice threatens polar bears survival. Oceanus, 46(2), 30-31. Mendelsohn, R., Nordhaus, W., Shaw, D. (2006). The impact of global warming on agriculture: A Ricardian analysis. The American Economic Review, 84(4), 753-771. Olech, M., WÄ™grzyn, M., Lisowska, M., SÅ‚aby, A., Angiel, P. (2011). Contemporary changes in vegetation of Polar Regions. Papers on Global Change IGBP, 18(1), 35-51. Oppenheimer, M. (2006). Global warming and stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature, 393, 325-330. Pedersen, S. (2012). Record high arctic melt indicates global warming is speeding up. Web. Rothrock, A., Yu, Y., Mayhut, G. (2007). Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(23), 3469-3472. Smetacek, V., Nicol, S. (2005). Polar ocean ecosystems in a changing world. Nature, 437, 362-368. Stirling, I., Derocher, A. (2008). Possible impacts of climatic warming on polar bears. Arctic, 46(3), 240-245. Stringer, J. (2005). Meltdown at the arctic. The Times Educational Supplement, 32(4652), 8-15. Weller, G., Anderson, P. (2005). Implications of global change in Alaska and the Bering Sea Region. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Fairbanks. World Wildlife Fund. (2012). Polar Regions. Retrieved from https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/polar-regions Xu, J., Wang, G., Zhang, B. (2007). Climate change comparison between Arctic and other areas in the Northern Hemisphere since the last Interstade. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 17(1), 43–50. Ye, H., Mather, J. (2007). Polar snow cover changes and global warming. International Journal of Climatology, 17(2), 155-162.

Gladiator vs. Traffic essays

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